发明过程
XIANWEIJINGSHIRENLEI20SHIJI*WEIDADEFAMINGWUZHIYI。ZAITAFAMINGCHULAIZHIQIAN，RENLEIGUANYUZHOUWEISHIJIEDEGUANNIANJUXIANZAIYONGROUYAN，HUOZHEKAOSHOUCHITOUJINGBANGZHUROUYANSUOKANDAODEDONGXI。
XIANWEIJINGBAYIGEQUANXINDESHIJIEZHANXIANZAIRENLEIDESHIYELI，RENMEN**CIKANDAOLESHUYIBAIJIDE"XINDE"WEIXIAODONGWUHEZHIWU，YIJICONGRENTIDAOZHIWUXIANWEIDENGGEZHONGDONGXIDENEIBUGOUZAO。XIANWEIJINGHAIYOUZHUYUKEXUEJIAFAXIANXINWUZHONG，YOUZHUYUYISHENGZHILIAOJIBING。
*ZAODEXIANWEIJINGSHI16SHIJIMOQIZAIHELANZHIZAOCHULAIDE。FAMINGZHESHIYASI·ZHANSEN,HELANYANJINGSHANG，HUOZHELINGYIWEIHELANKEXUEJIAHANSI·LIPOXI，TAMENYONGLIANGPIANTOUJINGZHIZUOLEJIANYIDEXIANWEIJING，DANBINGMEIYOUYONGZHEIXIEYIQIZUOGUORENHEZHONGYAODEGUANCHA。
HOULAIYOULIANGGERENKAISHIZAIKEXUESHANGSHIYONGXIANWEIJING。**GESHIYIDALIKEXUEJIAJIALILVE。TATONGGUOXIANWEIJINGGUANCHADAOYIZHONGKUNCHONGHOU，**CIDUITADEFUYANJINXINGLEMIAOSHU。DIERGESHIHELANYAMAZHIPINSHANGRENLIEWENHUKE(1632NIAN-1723NIAN)，TAZIJIXUEHUILEMOZHITOUJING。TA**CIMIAOSHULEXUDUOROUYANSUOKANBUJIANDEWEIXIAOZHIWUHEDONGWU。
1931NIAN，ENSITE·LUSIKATONGGUOYANZHIDIANZIXIANWEIJING，SHISHENGWUXUEFASHENGLEYICHANGGEMING。ZHEISHIDEKEXUEJIANENGGUANCHADAOXIANGBAIWANFENZHIYIHAOMINEIYANGXIAODEWUTI。1986NIANTABEISHOUYUNUOBEIERJIANG。
显微镜结构
GUANGXUEXIANWEIJINGYOUMUJING，WUJING，CUZHUNJIAOLUOXUAN，XIZHUNJIAOLUOXUAN，YAPIANJIA，TONGGUANGKONG，ZHEGUANGQI，ZHUANHUANQI，FANGUANGJING，ZAIWUTAI，JINGBEI，JINGTONG，JINGZUO，JUGUANGQI，GUANGLANZUCHENG。
显微镜分类
XIANWEIJINGYIXIANWEIYUANLIJINXINGFENLEIKEFENWEIPIANGUANGXIANWEIJING、GUANGXUEXIANWEIJINGYUDIANZIXIANWEIJINGHESHUMAXIANWEIJING。
PIANGUANGXIANWEIJING(Polarizing microscope)SHIYONGYUYANJIUSUOWEITOUMINGYUBUTOUMINGGEXIANGYIXINGCAILIAODEYIZHONGXIANWEIJING，ZAIDIZHIXUEDENGLIGONGKEZHUANYEZHONGYOUZHONGYAOYINGYONG。FANJUYOUSHUANGZHESHEDEWUZHI，ZAIPIANGUANGXIANWEIJINGXIAJIUNENGFENBIANDEQINGCHU，DANGRANZHEIXIEWUZHIYEKEYONGRANSEFALAIJINXINGGUANCHA，DANYOUXIEZEBUKEYONG，ERBIXULIYONGPIANGUANGXIANWEIJING。FANSHEPIANGUANGXIANWEIJINGSHILIYONGGUANGDEPIANZHENTEXINGDUIJUYOUSHUANGZHESHEXINGWUZHIJINXINGYANJIUJIANDINGDEBIBEIYIQI， KEGONGGUANGDAYONGHUZUODANPIANGUANGGUANCHA，ZHENGJIAOPIANGUANGGUANCHA，ZHUIGUANGGUANCHA。
折叠光学显微镜
TONGCHANGJIEYOUGUANGXUEBUFEN、ZHAOMINGBUFENHEJIXIEBUFENZUCHENG。WUYIGUANGXUEBUFENSHI*WEIGUANJIANDE，TAYOUMUJINGHEWUJINGZUCHENG。ZAOYU1590NIAN，HELANHEYIDALIDEYANJINGZHIZAOZHEYIJINGZAOCHULEISIXIANWEIJINGDEFANGDAYIQI。GUANGXUEXIANWEIJINGDEZHONGLEIHENDUO，ZHUYAOYOUMINGSHIYEXIANWEIJING(PUTONGGUANGXUEXIANWEIJING)、ANSHIYEXIANWEIJING、YINGGUANGXIANWEIJING、XIANGCHAXIANWEIJING、JIGUANGSAOMIAOGONGJUJIAOXIANWEIJING、PIANGUANGXIANWEIJING、WEIFENGANSHECHAXIANWEIJING、DAOZHIXIANWEIJING。
折叠电子显微镜
折叠便携式显微镜
便携式显微镜,主要是近几年发展出来的数码显微镜与视频显微镜系列的延伸。和传统光学放大不同,手持式显微镜都是数码放大,其一般追求便携,小巧而精致,便于携带;且有的手持式显微镜有自己的屏幕,可脱离电脑主机独立成像,操作方便,还可集成一些数码功能,如支持拍照,录像,或图像对比,测量等功能。
SHUMAYEJINGXIANWEIJING，*ZAOSHIYOUBOYUGONGSIYANFASHENGCHANDE，GAIXIANWEIJINGBAOLIULEGUANGXUEXIANWEIJINGDEQINGXI，HUIJILESHUMAXIANWEIJINGDEQIANGDATUOZHAN、SHIPINXIANWEIJINGDEZHIGUANXIANSHIHEBIANXIESHIXIANWEIJINGDEJIANJIEFANGBIANDENGYOUDIAN。
扫描隧道显微镜
SAOMIAOSUIDAOXIANWEIJINGYICHENGWEI"SAOMIAOCHUANSUISHIXIANWEIJING"、"SUIDAOSAOMIAOXIANWEIJING"，SHIYIZHONGLIYONGLIANGZILILUNZHONGDESUIDAOXIAOYINGTANCEWUZHIBIAOMIANJIEGOUDEYIQI。TAYU1981NIANYOUGEERDE·BINNING(G.Binning)JIHAIYINLIXI·LUOLEIER(H.Rohrer)ZAIIBMWEIYURUISHISULISHIDESULISHISHIYANSHIFAMING，LIANGWEIFAMINGZHEYINCIYUENSITE·LUSIKAFENXIANGLE1986NIANNUOBEIERWULIXUEJIANG。
TAZUOWEIYIZHONGSAOMIAOTANZHENXIANWEISHUGONGJU，SAOMIAOSUIDAOXIANWEIJINGKEYIRANGKEXUEJIAGUANCHAHEDINGWEIDANGEYUANZI，TAJUYOUBITADETONGLEIYUANZILIXIANWEIJINGGENGJIAGAODEFENBIANLV。CIWAI，SAOMIAOSUIDAOXIANWEIJINGZAIDIWENXIA(4K)KEYILIYONGTANZHENJIANDUANJINGQUECAOZONGYUANZI，YINCITAZAINAMIKEJIJISHIZHONGYAODECELIANGGONGJUYOUSHIJIAGONGGONGJU。
STMSHIRENLEI**CINENGGOUSHISHIDIGUANCHADANGEYUANZIZAIWUZHIBIAOMIANDEPAILIEZHUANGTAIHEYUBIAOMIANDIANZIXINGWEIYOUGUANDEWUHUAXINGZHI，ZAIBIAOMIANKEXUE、CAILIAOKEXUE、SHENGMINGKEXUEDENGLINGYUDEYANJIUZHONGYOUZHEZHONGDADEYIYIHEGUANGFANDEYINGYONGQIANJING，BEIGUOJIKEXUEJIEGONGRENWEI20SHIJI80NIANDAISHIJIESHIDAKEJICHENGJIUZHIYI。
光学显微镜
TASHIZAI1590NIANYOUHELANDEZHANSENFUZISUOSHOUCHUANG。GUANGXUEXIANWEIJINGKEBAWUTIFANGDA1600BEI，FENBIANDE*XIAOJIXIANDA0.1WEIMI。GUANGXUEXIANWEIJINGDEZHONGLEIHENDUO，CHUYIBANDEWAI，ZHUYAOYOUANSHIYEXIANWEIJINGYIZHONGJUYOUANSHIYEJUGUANGJING，CONGERSHIZHAOMINGDEGUANGSHUBUCONGZHONGYANGBUFENSHERU，ERCONGSIZHOUSHEXIANGBIAOBENDEXIANWEIJING.YINGGUANGXIANWEIJINGYIZIWAIXIANWEIGUANGYUAN，SHIBEIZHAOSHEDEWUTIFACHUYINGGUANGDEXIANWEIJING。JIEGOUWEI:MUJING，JINGTONG，ZHUANHUANQI，WUJING，ZAIWUTAI，TONGGUANGKONG，ZHEGUANGQI，YAPIANJIA，FANGUANGJING，JINGZUO，CUZHUNJIAOLUOXUAN，XIZHUNJIAOLUOXUAN，JINGBEI，JINGZHU。
折叠暗视野显微镜
ANSHIYEXIANWEIJINGYOUYUBUJIANGTOUMINGGUANGSHERUZHIJIEGUANCHAXITONG，WUWUTISHI，SHIYEANHEI，BUKENENGGUANCHADAORENHEWUTI，DANGYOUWUTISHI，YIWUTIYANSHEHUIDEGUANGYUSANSHEGUANGDENGZAIANDEBEIJINGZHONGMINGLIANGKEJIAN。ZAIANSHIYEGUANCHAWUTI，ZHAOMINGGUANGDABUFENBEIZHEHUI，YOUYUWUTI(BIAOBEN)SUOZAIDEWEIZHIJIEGOU，HOUDUBUTONG，GUANGDESANSHEXING，ZHEGUANGDENGDOUYOUHENDADEBIANHUA。
折叠相位差显微镜
XIANGWEICHAXIANWEIJINGDEJIEGOU: XIANGWEICHAXIANWEIJING，SHIYINGYONGXIANGWEICHAFADEXIANWEIJING。YINCI，BITONGCHANGDEXIANWEIJINGYAOZENGJIAXIALIEFUJIAN:
(1) ZHUANGYOUXIANGWEIBAN(XIANGWEIHUANXINGBAN)DEWUJING，XIANGWEICHAWUJING。
(2) FUYOUXIANGWEIHUAN(HUANXINGFENGBAN)DEJUGUANGJING，XIANGWEICHAJUGUANGJING。
(3) DANSELVGUANGJING-(LV)。
GEZHONGYUANJIANDEXINGNENGSHUOMING
(1) XIANGWEIBANSHIZHIJIEGUANGDEXIANGWEIYIDONG 90°，BINGQIEXISHOUJIANRUOGUANGDEQIANGDU，ZAIWUJINGHOUJIAOPINGMIANDESHIDANGWEIZHIZHUANGZHIXIANGWEIBAN，XIANGWEIBANBIXUQUEBAOLIANGDU，WEISHIYANSHEGUANGDEYINGXIANGSHAOYIXIE，XIANGWEIBANZUOCHENGHUANXINGZHUANG。
(2) XIANGWEIHUAN(HUANZHUANGGUANGQUAN)SHIGENJUMEIZHONGWUJINGDEBEILV，ERYOUDAXIAOBUTONG，KEYONGZHUANPANQIGENGHUAN。
(3) DANSELVGUANGJINGXIYONGZHONGXINBOZHANG546nm(HAOWEIMI)DELVSELVGUANGJING。TONGCHANGSHIYONGDANSELVGUANGJINGRUGUANCHA。XIANGWEIBANYONGTEDINGDEBOZHANG，YIDONG90°KANZHIJIEGUANGDEXIANGWEI。DANGXUYAOTEDINGBOZHANGSHI，BIXUXUANZESHIDANGDELVGUANGJING，LVGUANGJINGCHARUHOUDUIBIDUJIUTIGAO。CIWAI，XIANGWEIHUANXINGFENGDEZHONGXIN，BIXUDIAOZHENGDAOZHENGQUEFANGWEIHOUFANGNENGCAOZUO，DUIZHONGWANGYUANJINGJIUSHIQIZHEIGEZUOYONGBUJIAN
折叠荧光显微镜
ZAIYINGGUANGXIANWEIJINGSHANG，BIXUZAIBIAOBENDEZHAOMINGGUANGZHONG，XUANZECHUTEDINGBOZHANGDEJIFAGUANG，YICHANSHENGYINGGUANG，RANHOUBIXUZAIJIFAGUANGHEYINGGUANGHUNHEDEGUANGXIANZHONG，DANBAYINGGUANGFENLICHULAIYIGONGGUANCHA。YINCI，ZAIXUANZETEDINGBOZHANGZHONG，LVGUANGJINGXITONG，CHENGWEIJIQIZHONGYAODEJIAOSE。
YINGGUANGXIANWEIJINGYUANLI:
(A) GUANGYUAN:GUANGYUANFUSHECHUGEZHONGBOZHANGDEGUANG(YIZIWAIZHIHONGWAI)。
(B) JILILVGUANGYUAN:TOUGUONENGSHIBIAOBENCHANSHENGYINGGUANGDETEDINGBOZHANGDEGUANG，TONGSHIZUDANGDUIJIFAYINGGUANGWUYONGDEGUANG。
(C) YINGGUANGBIAOBEN:YIBANYONGYINGGUANGSESURANSE。
(D) ZUDANGLVGUANGJING:ZUDANGDIAOMEIYOUBEIBIAOBENXISHOUDEJIFAGUANGYOUXUANZEDITOUSHEYINGGUANG，ZAIYINGGUANGZHONGYEYOUBUFENBOZHANGBEIXUANZETOUGUO。 YIZIWAIXIANWEIGUANGYUAN，SHIBEIZHAOSHEDEWUTIFACHUYINGGUANGDEXIANWEIJING。DIANZIXIANWEIJINGSHIZAI1931NIANZAIDEGUOBOLINYOUKENUOERHEHALUOSIKASHOUXIANZHUANGPEIWANCHENGDE。ZHEIZHONGXIANWEIJINGYONGGAOSUDIANZISHUDAITIGUANGSHU。YOUYUDIANZILIUDEBOZHANGBIGUANGBODUANDEDUO，SUOYIDIANZIXIANWEIJINGDEFANGDABEISHUKEDA80WANBEI，FENBIANDE*XIAOJIXIANDA0.2NAMI。1963NIANKAISHISHIYONGDESAOMIAODIANZIXIANWEIJINGGENGKESHIRENKANDAOWUTIBIAOMIANDEWEIXIAOJIEGOU。
XIANWEIJINGBEIYONGLAIFANGDAWEIXIAOWUTIDETUXIANG。YIBANYINGYONGYUDUISHENGWU、YIYAO、WEIGUANLIZIDENGGUANCE。
(1)LIYONGWEIWEIDONGZAIWUTAIZHIYIDONG，PEIHEQUANMUJINGZHISHIZIZUOBIAOXIAN，ZUOZHANGDULIANGCE。
(2)LIYONGXUANZHUANZAIWUTAIYUMUJINGXIADUANZHIYOUBIAOWEIFENJIAODUPAN，PEIHEQUANMUJINGZHISHIZIZUOBIAOXIAN，ZUOJIAODULIANGCE，LINGDAICEJIAOYIDUANDUIZHUNSHIZIXIANYUZHIZHONGHE，RANHOUZAIRANGLINGYIDUANYEZHONGHE。
(3)LIYONGBIAOZHUNJIANCELUOWENDEJIEJU、JIEJING、WAIJING、YAJIAOJIYAXINGDENGCHICUNHUOWAIXING。
(4)JIANYANJINXIANGBIAOMIANDEJINGLIZHUANGKUANG。
(5)JIANYANGONGJIANJIAGONGBIAOMIANDEQINGKUANG。
(6)JIANCEWEIXIAOGONGJIANDECHICUNHUOLUNKUOSHIFOUYUBIAOZHUNPIANXIANGFU。
折叠超声波显微镜
CHAOSHENGBOSAOMIAOXIANWEIJINGDETEDIANZAIYUNENGGOUJINGQUEDEFANYINGCHUSHENGBOHEWEIXIAOYANGPINDEDANXINGJIEZHIZHIJIANDEXIANGHUZUOYONG，BINGDUICONGYANGPINNEIBUFANKUIHUILAIDEXINHAOJINXINGFENXI!TUXIANGSHANG(C-Scan)DEMEIYIGEXIANGSUDUIYINGZHECONGYANGPINNEIMOUYITEDINGSHENDUDEYIGEERWEIKONGJIANZUOBIAODIANSHANGDEXINHAOFANKUI，JUYOULIANGHAOJUJIAOGONGNENGDEZ.ACHUANGANQITONGSHINENGGOUFASHEHEJIESHOUSHENGBOXINHAO。YIFUWANZHENGDETUXIANGJIUSHIZHEIYANGZHUDIANZHUXINGDUIYANGPINSAOMIAOERCHENGDE。FANSHEHUILAIDECHAOSHENGBOBEIFUJIALEYIGEZHENGDEHUOFUDEZHENFU，ZHEIYANGJIUKEYIYONGXINHAOCHUANSHUDESHIJIANFANYINGYANGPINDESHENDU。YONGHUPINGMUSHANGDESHUZIBOXINGZHANSHICHUJIESHOUDAODEFANKUIXINXI(A-Scan)。SHEZHIXIANGYINGDEMENDIANLU，YONGZHEIZHONGDINGLIANGDESHIJIANCHACELIANG(FANKUISHIJIANXIANSHI)，JIUKEYIXUANZENINSUOYAOGUANCHADEYANGPINSHENDU。
折叠共聚焦显微镜
CONGYIGEDIANGUANGYUANFASHEDETANCEGUANGTONGGUOTOUJINGJUJIAODAOBEIGUANCEWUTISHANG，RUGUOWUTIQIAZAIJIAODIANSHANG，NEIMEFANSHEGUANGTONGGUOYUANTOUJINGYINGDANGHUIJUHUIDAOGUANGYUAN，ZHEIJIUSHISUOWEIDEGONGJUJIAO，JIANCHENGGONGJIAO。JIGUANGSAOMIAOGONGJUJIAOXIANWEIJING[Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope(CLSMHUOLSCM)]ZAIFANSHEGUANGDEGUANGLUSHANGJIASHANGLEYIKUAIBANFANBANTOUJING(dichroic mirror)，JIANGYIJINGTONGGUOTOUJINGDEFANSHEGUANGZHEXIANGQITAFANGXIANG，ZAIQIJIAODIANSHANGYOUYIGEDAIYOUZHENKONG(Pinhole)，XIAOKONGJIUWEIYUJIAODIANCHU，DANGBANHOUMIANSHIYIGE GUANGDIANBEIZENGGUAN(photomultiplier tube，PMT)。KEYIXIANGXIANG，TANCEGUANGJIAODIANQIANHOUDEFANSHEGUANGTONGGUOZHEIYITAOGONGJIAOXITONG，BIBUNENGJUJIAODAOXIAOKONGSHANG，HUIBEIDANGBANDANGZHU。YUSHIGUANGDUJICELIANGDEJIUSHIJIAODIANCHUDEFANSHEGUANGQIANGDU。QIYIYISHI:TONGGUOYIDONGTOUJINGXITONGKEYIDUIYIGEBANTOUMINGDEWUTIJINXINGSANWEISAOMIAO。
折叠金相显微镜
JINXIANGXIANWEIJINGZHUYAOYONGYUJIANDINGHEFENXIJINSHUNEIBUJIEGOUZUZHI，TASHIJINSHUXUEYANJIUJINXIANGDEZHONGYAOYIQI，SHIGONGYEBUMENJIANDINGCHANPINZHILIANGDEGUANJIANSHEBEI，GAIYIQIPEIYONGSHEXIANGZHUANGZHI，KESHEQUJINXIANGTUPU，BINGDUITUPUJINXINGCELIANGFENXI，DUITUXIANGJINXINGBIANJI、SHUCHU、CUNCHU、GUANLIDENGGONGNENG。 GUONEICHANGJIAJIAODUO，LISHIYOUJIU。
电子显微镜
XIANZAIDIANZIXIANWEIJING*DAFANGDABEILVCHAOGUO1500WANBEI，
1931NIAN，DEGUODEM.NUOERHEE.LUSIKA，YONGLENGYINJIFANGDIANDIANZIYUANHESANGEDIANZITOUJINGGAIZHUANGLEYITAIGAOYASHIBOQI，BINGHUODELEFANGDASHIJIBEIDETUXIANG，FAMINGDESHITOUSHEDIANJING，ZHENGSHILEDIANZIXIANWEIJINGFANGDACHENGXIANGDEKENENGXING。1932NIAN，JINGGUOLUSIKADEGAIJIN，DIANZIXIANWEIJINGDEFENBIANNENGLIDADAOLE50NAMI，YUEWEIDANGSHIGUANGXUEXIANWEIJINGFENBIANBENLINGDESHIBEI，TUPOLEGUANGXUEXIANWEIJINGFENBIANJIXIAN，YUSHIDIANZIXIANWEIJINGKAISHISHOUDAORENMENDEZHONGSHI。
DAOLEERSHISHIJI40NIANDAI，MEIGUODEXIERYONGXIAOXIANGSANQIBUCHANGDIANZITOUJINGDEXUANZHUANBUDUICHENGXING，SHIDIANZIXIANWEIJINGDEFENBIANBENLINGYOULEXINDETUPO，ZHUBUDADAOLEXIANDAISHUIPING。ZAIZHONGGUO，1958NIANYANZHICHENGGONGTOUSHESHIDIANZIXIANWEIJING，QIFENBIANBENLINGWEI3NAMI，1979NIANYOUZHICHENGFENBIANBENLINGWEI0.3NAMIDEDAXINGDIANZIXIANWEIJING。
DIANZIXIANWEIJINGDEFENBIANBENLINGSUIYIYUANSHENGYUGUANGXUEXIANWEIJING，DANDIANZIXIANWEIJINGYINXUZAIZHENKONGTIAOJIANXIAGONGZUO，SUOYIHENNANGUANCHAHUODESHENGWU，ERQIEDIANZISHUDEZHAOSHEYEHUISHISHENGWUYANGPINSHOUDAOFUZHAOSUNSHANG。QITADEWENTI，RUDIANZIQIANGLIANGDUHEDIANZITOUJINGZHILIANGDETIGAODENGWENTIYEYOUDAIJIXUYANJIU。
场发射扫描电子显微镜
ZHUYAOYONGTU: GAIYIQIJUYOUCHAOGAOFENBIANLV，NENGZUOGEZHONGGUTAIYANGPINBIAOMIANXINGMAODEERCIDIANZIXIANG、FANSHEDIANZIXIANGGUANCHAJITUXIANGCHULI。 JUYOUGAOXINGNENGxSHEXIANNENGPUYI，NENGTONGSHIJINXINGYANGPINBIAOCENGDEWEIQUDIANXIANMIANYUANSUDEDINGXING、BANDINGLIANGJIDINGLIANGFENXI，JUYOUXINGMAO、HUAXUEZUFENZONGHEFENXINENGLI。
YIQILEIBIE: 03040702 /YIQIYIBIAO/GUANGXUEYIQI /DIANZIGUANGXUEJILIZIGUANGXUEYIQI
ZHIBIAOXINXI: ERCIDIANZIXIANGFENBIANLV:1.5nm JIASUDIANYA:0~30kV FANGDABEISHU:10-50WANBEILIANXUKEDIAOGONGZUOJULI:5~35mmLIANXUKEDIAOQINGXIE:-5°~45° xSHEXIANNENGPUYI: FENBIANLV:133eV FENXIFANWEI:B-U
FUJIANXINXI: DUJINDUTANYI ISISTUXIANGCHULIXITONGBEISANSHETANTOU
CHANGFASHESAOMIAODIANJING，YOUYUFENBIANLVGAO，WEINAMICAILIAODEYANJIUTIGONGLEKEKAODESHIYANSHOUDUAN。LINGWAI，DUIBANDAOTICAILIAOHEJUEYUANTI，DOUNENGDEDAOMANYIDETUXIANG，DUICHAODAOBOMO，CIXINGCAILIAO，FENZISHUWAIYANSHENGZHANGDEBOMOCAILIAO，BANDAOTICAILIAOJINXINGLEXINGMAOGUANCHA，BINGDUIDUOZHONGCAILIAOJINXINGLEWEIQUCHENGFENFENXI，JUNNENGDEDAOMANYIDEJIEGUO。
使用方法
显微镜的使用
LIYONGZIRANGUANGYUANJINGJIANSHI，*HAOYONGCHAOBEIDEGUANGYUAN，BUYICAIYONGZHISHEYANGGUANG;LIYONGRENGONGGUANGYUANSHI，YIYONGRIGUANGDENGDEGUANGYUAN。
JINGJIANSHISHENTIYAOZHENGDUISHIXITAI，CAIQUDUANZHENGDEZITAI，LIANGYANZIRANZHANGKAI，ZUOYANGUANCHABIAOBEN，YOUYANGUANCHAJILUJIHUITU，TONGSHIZUOSHOUDIAOJIEJIAOJU，SHIWUXIANGQINGXIBINGYIDONGBIAOBENSHIYE。YOUSHOUJILU、HUITU。
JINGJIANSHIZAIWUTAIBUKEQINGXIE，YINWEIDANGZAIWUTAIQINGXIESHI，YETIHUOYOUYILIUCHU，JISUNHUAILEBIAOBEN，YOUWURANZAIWUTAI，YEYINGXIANGJIANCHAJIEGUO。
JINGJIANSHIYINGJIANGBIAOBENANYIDINGFANGXIANGYIDONGSHIYE，ZHIZHIZHENGGEBIAOBENGUANCHAWANBI，YIBIANBULOUJIAN，BUZHONGFU。
XIANWEIJINGDEZHONGGUANGWEIDUIGUANG，JIEWUJINGDEZHUANHUANJIGUANGXIANDEDIAOJIE。GUANCHAJISHENGCHONGBIAOBENSHI，GUANGXIANDIAOJIESHENWEIZHONGYAO。YINWEISUOGUANCHADEBIAOBENRUCHONGLUAN、BAONANGDENG，JUNWEIZIRANGUANGZHUANGTAIDEWUTI，YOUDAYOUXIAO，SEZEYOUSHENYOUQIAN，YOUDEWUSETOUMING，ERDIBEI、GAOBEIJIEWUJINGZHUANHUANJIAODUO，GUXUSUIZHEJINGJIANSHIDUIBUTONGBIAOBENHEYAOQIU，XUYAOSUISHIDIAOJIEJIAOJUHEGUANGXIAN，ZHEIYANGCAINENGSHIGUANCHADEWUXIANGQINGXI。ZAIYIBANQINGKUANGXIA，RANSEBIAOBENGUANGXIANYIQIANG，WUSEHUOWEIRANSEBIAOBENGUANGXIANYIRUO;DIBEIJINGGUANCHAGUANGXIANYIRUO，GAOBEIJINGGUANCHAGUANGXIANYIQIANG。
1. 对光:
(1)JIANGDIBEIJINGZHUANZHIJINGTONGXIAFANGYUJINGTONGCHENGYIZHIXIAN。
(2)BODONGFANGUANGJING，DIAOJIEZHISHIYE*LIANGWUYINYING。FANGUANGJINGYOUPING、AOLIANGMIAN，GUANGYUANQIANGSHIYONGPINGMIAN，JIAOANSHIYONGAOMIAN，XUYAOQIANGGUANGSHI，JIANGJUGUANGQITIGAO，GUANGQUANFANGDA;XUYAORUOGUANGSHI，JIANGJUGUANGQIJIANGDI，HUOGUANGQUANSHIDANGSUOXIAO。
(3)JIANGDAIGUANCHADEBIAOBENZHIZAIWUTAISHANG，ZHUANDONGCUDIAOJIEQISHIJINGTONGXIAJIANGZHIJIEWUJINGJIEJINBIAOBEN。YUZHUANDONGCUDIAOJIEQIDETONGSHI，XUFUSHENZAIJINGPANGZIXIGUANCHAJIEWUJINGYUBIAOBENZHIJIANDEJULI。
(4)ZUOYANYUJIEMUJINGGUANCHA，TONGSHIZUOSHOUZHUANDONGCUDIAOJIE，SHIJINGTONGXUXUSHANGSHENGYIDIAOJIEJIAOJU，SHISHIYENEIDEWUXIANGKANDAOSHANGSHIJITING，ZAIDIAOWEIDIAOJIEQI，ZHIBIAOBENQINGXIWEIZHI。
2. 接物镜的使用及光线的调节:
XIANWEIJINGYIBANJUYOUSANGEJIEWUJING，JIDIBEI、GAOBEIJIYOUJING，GUDINGYUJIEWUJINGZHUANHUANPANKONGZHONG。GUANCHABIAOBENSHI，XIANSHIYONGDIBEIJIEWUJING，CISHI，SHIYEJIAODA，BIAOBENJIAOYICHACHU，DANFANGDABEISHUJIAOXIAO(YIBANFANGDA100BEI)，JIAOXIAODEWUTIBUYIGUANCHAQIJIEGOU。GAOBEIJIEWUJINGFANGDADEBEISHUJIAODA(YIBANFANGDA400BEI)，NENGGUANCHAWEIXIAODEWUTIHUOJIEGOU。
JISHENGCHONGDERUCHONGLUAN，WEISIYOU，YUANCHONGDEZIYANGTIJIBAONANG，KUNCHONGDEYOUCHONG，JUNSHIYONGDI、GAOBEIJING。ZUZHIXIBAONEIDEYUANCHONG，ZESHIYONGYOUJING。SHIYONGDI、GAOBEIJINGGUANCHA，RUZAIDIBEIJINGXIABUNENGZHUNQUEJIANDINGSUOJIANDEWUTIHUOQINEIBUGOUZAOSHI，ZEZHUANGAOBEIJINGGUANCHA。SHIYONGYOUJINGGUANCHA，YIBANJIAYIDIYOUHOUZHIJIEJIANGYOUJINGTOUJINRUYOUDIZHONGJINXINGJINGJIANGUANCHA。
3. 低倍、高倍、油镜头的识别:
(1)BIAOMINGFANGDABEISHU10×，40×，100×，HUO10/0.25，40/0.65，100/1.25。
(2)DIBEIJING*DUAN，GAOBEIJINGJIAOZHANG，YOUJING*ZHANG。
(3)JINGTOUQIANMIANDEJINGKONGDIBEIJING*DA，GAOBEIJINGJIAODA，YOUJING*XIAO。
(4)YOUJINGTOUSHANGCHANGKEYOUHEISEHUANQUAN，HUO"YOU"ZI。
4. 低倍镜换高倍镜的使用方法:
(1)GUANGXIANDUIHAOHOU，YIDONGTUIJINQIXUNZHAOXUYAOGUANCHADEBIAOBEN。
(2)RUBIAOBENDETIJIJIAODA，BUNENGQINGCHUCHAJIANQIGOUZAOYINERBUNENGQUERENSHI，ZEJIANGBIAOBENYIZHISHIYEZHONGYANG，ZAIXUANZHUANGAOBEIJIEWUJINGYUJINGTONGXIAFANG。
(3)XUANZHUANWEIDIAOJIEQIZHIWUXIANGQINGXIWEIZHI。
(4)DIAOJIEJUGUANGQIJIGUANGQUAN，SHISHIYENEIDEWUXIANGDADAO*QINGXIDECHENGDU。
5. 油镜的使用方法:
(1)YUANLI:SHIYONGYOUJINGGUANCHASHI，XUJIAXIANGBOYOU，YINWEIYOUJINGXUYAOJINRUJINGTOUDEGUANGXIANDUO，DANYOUJINGDETOUQIKONG*XIAO，ZHEIYANGJINRUDEGUANGXIANJIUSHAO，WUTIBUYIKANQINGCHU。TONGSHIYOUYINZIBOPIANTOUGUODEGUANGXIAN，YOUYUJIEZHI(BOPIAN-KONGQI-JIEWUJING)MIDU(BOPIAN:n=1.52，KONGQI:n=1.0)BUTONGERFASHENGLEZHESHESANGUANG，YINCISHERUJINGTOUDEGUANGXIANJIUGENGSHAO，WUTIGENGKANBUQINGCHU。YUSHICAIYONGYIZHONGHEBOPIANZHEGUANGLVXIANGJIEJINDEJIEZHIRUXIANGBOYOU，JIAYUBIAOBENYUBOPIANZHIJIAN，SHIGUANGXIANBUTONGGUOKONGQI，ZHEIYANGSHERUJINGTOUDEGUANGXIANJIUJIAODUO，WUXIANGJIUKANDEQINGCHU。
(2)YOUJINGDESHIYONG:
a.JIANGGUANGXIANDIAOZHI*QIANGCHENGDU(JUGUANGQITIGAO，GUANGQUANQUANBUKAIFANG)。
b.ZHUANDONGCUDIAOJIEQISHIJINGTONGSHANGSHENG，DIXIANGBOYOU1XIAODI(BUYAOGUODUO，BUYAOTUKAI)YUJIEWUJINGZHENGXIAFANGBIAOBENSHANG。
c.ZHUANDONGJIEWUJINGZHUANHUANPAN，SHIYOUJINGTOUYUJINGTONGXIAFANG。
d.FUSHENJINGPANGCEMIANZAIROUYANDEGUANCHAXIA，ZHUANDONGCUDIAOJIEQISHIYOUJINGTOUXUXUXIAJIANGJINRUXIANGBOYOUNEI，QINGQINGJIECHUBOPIANWEIZHI。
e.MANMANZHUANDONGCUDIAOJIEQI，SHIYOUJINGTOUXUXUSHANGSHENGZHIJIANDAOBIAOBENDEWUXIANGWEIZHI。
f.ZHUANDONGWEIDIAOJIEQI，SHISHIYEWUXIANGDADAO*QINGXIDECHENGDU。
g.ZUOSHOUXUXUYIDONGTUIJINQI，BINGZHUANDONGWEIDIAOJIEQIYIGUANCHABIAOBEN。
h.BIAOBENGUANCHAWANBIHOU，ZHUANDONGCUDIAOJIEQIJIANGJINGTONGSHENGQI，QUXIABIAOBENBOPIAN。LIJIYONGCAJINGZHIJIANGJINGTOUSHANGDEXIANGBOYOUCAJING。
6. 注意事项:
(1)SHIYONGXIANWEIJINGZHIQIAN，YINGSHUXIXIANWEIJINGDEGEBUMINGCHENGJISHIYONGFANGFA，TEBIEYINGZHANGWOSHIBIESANZHONGJIEWUJINGZHITEZHENG。
(2)JISHENGCHONGXUESHIXIZHONGSUOGUANCHADEBIAOBEN，DADUOSHUWEIWUSEHEYANSEJIAOQIAN，YINCIBIXUZHUYIGUANGXIANDEDIAOJIE。
(3)XINXIANBIAOBENGUANCHASHI，XUJIAGAIBOPIAN，YIMIANBIAOBENYINZHENGFAERGANZAOBIANXINGHUOWURANQINSHIJIEWUJING，TONGSHIKESHIBIAOBENBIAOMIANYUNPING，GUANGXIANDEYIJIZHONG，YOULIYUGUANCHA。
(SAN) XIANWEIJINGDEBAOYANG
TU3 JIAYONGGAIBOPIANHOU，BIAOBENBIAOMIANYUNPING，GUANGXIANDEYIJIZHONG，BIANYUJIANCHASHIYITU
1.XIANWEIJINGZAICONGMUXIANGZHONGQUCHUHUOZHUANGXIANGSHI，YOUSHOUJINWOJINGBEI，ZUOSHOUWENTUOJINGZUO，QINGQINGQUCHU。BUYAOZHIYONGYIZHISHOUTIQU，YIFANGXIANWEIJINGZHUILUO，RANHOUQINGQINGFANGZAISHIXITAISHANGHUOZHUANG RUMUXIANGNEI。
2.XIANWEIJINGFANGDAOSHIXITAISHANGSHI，XIANFANGJINGZUODEYIDUAN，ZAIJIANGJINGZUOQUANBUFANGWEN，QIEBUKESHIJINGZUOQUANMIANTONGSHIYUTAIMIANJIECHU，ZHEIYANGZHENDONGGUODA，TOUJINGHEWEIDIAOJIEQIDEZHUANGZHIYISUNHUAI。
3.XIANWEIJINGXUJINGCHANGBAOCHIQINGJIE，WUSHIYOUWUHEHUICHENFUZHE。RUTOUJINGBUFENBUJIESHI，YONGCAJINGZHIQINGCA，RUYOUYOUWU，XIANJIANGCAJINGZHIZHANSHAOXUERJIABENSHIQU。
4.XIANWEIJINGBUNENGZAIYANGGUANGXIABAOSHAIHESHIYONG。
5.JIEMUJINGHEJIEWUJINGBUYAOSUIBIANCHOUCHUHEXIEXIABIXUCHOUQUJIEMUJINGSHI，XUJIANGJINGTONGSHANGKOUJINGYONGBUZHEGAI，BIMIANHUICHENLUORUJINGTONGNEI。GENGHUANJIEWUJINGSHI，XIEXIAHOUYINGDAOZHIZAIQINGJIEDETAIMIANXIA，BINGSUIJIZHUANGRUMUXIANGDEZHIFANGJIEWUJINGDEGUANNEI。
6.XIANWEIJINGYONGWANHOU，QUXIABIAOBENPIAN，JINGJUGUANGQIJIANGXIA，ZAIJIANGWUJINGZHUANCHENG"BA"ZIXING，ZHUANDONGCUDIAOJIEQISHIJINGTONGXIAJIANG，YIMIANJIEWUJINGYUJUGUANGQIXIANGPENG。
7.XIANWEIJINGYINGFANGZAIGANZAODEDIFANG，YIFANGSHENGMEI。
二、体视显微镜的使用
TISHIXIANWEIJINGNENGHUODELITIGANJUE，QIYUANLISHIYOUYUTONGGUOLIANGGEJIEMUJINGDUIWUTICONGBUTONGDEFANGXIANGZAIRENYANDEWANGMOSHANGXINGCHENGDEXIANGERCHANSHENGDE。BENXIANWEIJINGJUYOUQINGXIECHENG45°DESHUANGTONG，TONGGUOSHUANGTONGKEYIGUANCHADAOKUANGUANGSHIYEZHONGZHENGLIDEJUYOULITIGANDEWUXIANG。QIZHONGYOUCEJIEMUJINGTONGSHANGYOUSHIDUDIAOJIEQUANDEWEIZHI，RUGUANCHAZHESHUANGYANSHIDUJUYOUCHAYI，KEYIXIANDIAOJIEXIANWEIJINGSHIZUOYANCHENGXIANGQINGXI，RANHOUXUANZHUANYOUCESHIDUDIAOJIEQUANZHIYOUYANCHENGXIANGQINGXI。SHUANGTONGKEYIZAIYIDINGJIAODUNEIXIANGDUIDIZHUANDONGYISHIYINGGONGZUOZHELIANGYANJIANJULI。BENXIANWEIJINGDEGONGZUOJULIWEI100mm，ZAIFANGXINGJINGSHENLIANGCEYOUSHOULUNKEXUANZHUAN，LIYONGTADEZHUANDONGKEZAIBUBIANGENGGONGZUOJULIQINGKUANGXIAGENGHUANXIANWEIJINGFANGDABEISHU。XIANWEIJINGZONGFANGDABEISHUDEDUSHU，ZAISHIYONG25×JIEMUJINGSHI，YIYOUCESHUPANSHANGSHUZIWEIZHUN，ERSHIYONG6.3×JIEMUJINGSHI，ZEYIZUOCESHUPANSHANGDESHUZIWEIZHUN。
三、其它仪器器材的使用与保养
CHUXIANWEIJING、TISHIXIANWEIJINGYIWAI，JISHENGCHONGXUESHIXIKEYONGDEQICAI、YIQISHANGYOUXUDUO，ZAICIWOMENBUYIYIZHUISHU，MEICISHIXIKEFUDAOJIAOSHIJIANGXIANGWOMENJIESHAO，ZHEILIJINJIANGZHEIXIEYIQI、QICAIFENLEIBIELVEZUOYIXIESHIYONGYUANLIDEJIESHAO。
(YI)BOLIYIQI、QICAI:SHIYONGSHIQINGNAQINGFANG，FANGZHIPOSUI，YONGBIYINGQINGXIGANJING、LIANGGAN、HONGGANYIFANGSHENGMEI。
(ER)JINSHUYIQI、QICAI:WUJIECHUHUOSHAOJIECHUSUANXING、JIANXINGWUPIN，YONGBIYINGXISHUA、CAJING、LIANGGAN、HONGGANYIFANGFUSHISHENGXIU
低倍镜的使用方法
(1)QUJINGHEFANGZHI:XIANWEIJINGPINGSHICUNFANGZAIJUHUOXIANGZHONG，YONGSHICONGJUZHONGQUCHU，YOUSHOUJINWOJINGBEI，ZUOYISHOUTUOZHUJINGZUO,JIANGXIANWEIJINGFANGZAIZIJIZUOJIANQIANFANGDESHIYANTAISHANG，JINGZUOHOUDUANJUZHUOBIAN7LIMIWEIYI，BIANYUCAOZUO。
(2)DUIGUANG:YONGMUZHIHEZHONGZHIYIDONGXUANZHUANQI(QIEJISHOUCHIWUJINGYIDONG)，SHIDIBEIJINGDUIZHUNJINGTAIDETONGGUANGKONG(DANGZHUANDONGTINGDAOPENGKOUSHENGSHI，SHUOMINGWUJINGGUANGZHOUYIDUIZHUNJINGTONGZHONGXIN)。DIAOJIEWEIJIAODAGUANGQUANBINGJIANGFANGUANGJINGZHUANXIANGGUANGYUAN，ZUOYANZAIMUJINGSHANGGUANCHA(YOUYANZHENGKAI),TONGSHIDIAOJIEFANGUANGJINGPIANZHUANJIAODU，ZHIDAOSHIYENEICHUXIANMINGLIANGGUANGBANWEIZHI。
(3)FANGZHIBOPIANBIAOBEN:QUYIBOPIANBIAOBENFANGZAIJINGTAISHANG，YIDINGSHIYOUGAIBOPIANDEYIMIANCHAOSHANG，QIEBUKEFANGFAN，YONGYAPIANJIAJIAZHU，RANHOUYIDONGBOPIAN，JIANGSUOYAOGUANCHADEBUWEIDIAODAOSHIYEFANWEINEI。
(4)DIAOJIEJIAOJU:YIZUOSHOUANNISHIZHENFANGXIANGZHUANDONGCUZHUNJIAOLUOXUAN，SHIJINGTONGHUANMANDIXIAJIANGZHIWUJINGJUBIAOBENPIANYUE5HAOMICHU，YINGZHUYIZAIXIAJIANGJINGTONGSHI，QIEWUZAIMUJINGSHANGGUANCHA。YIDINGYAOCONGYOUCEKANZHEJINGTONGXIAJIANG，YIMIANXIAJIANGGUODUO，ZAOCHENGJINGTOUHUOBIAOBENPIANDESUNHUAI。RANHOU，LIANGYANTONGSHIZHENGKAI，YONGZUOYANZAIMUJINGSHANGGUANCHA，ZUOSHOUSHUNSHIZHENFANGXIANGHUANMANZHUANDONGXIZHUNJIAOLUOXUAN，SHIJINGTONGHUANMANXIAJIANG，ZHIDAOSHIYEZHONGCHUXIANQINGXIDEWUXIANGWEIZHI。
RUGUOWUXIANGBUZAISHIYEZHONGXIN，KEYIDONGBOPIAN，JIANGSUOYAOGUANCHADEBUWEIDIAODAOSHIYEFANWEINEI。(ZHUYIYIDONGBOPIANDEFANGXIANGYUSHIYEWUXIANGYIDONGDEFANGXIANGSHIXIANGFANDE)。RUGUOSHIYENEIDELIANGDUBUHESHI，KETONGGUODIAOZHENGGUANGQUANDEDAXIAOLAIDIAOJIE，RUGUOZAIDIAOJIEJIAOJUSHI，JINGTAIXIAJIANGYICHAOGUOGONGZUOJULI(>5.40mm)ERWEIJIANDAOWUXIANG，SHUOMINGCICICAOZUOSHIBAI，ZEYINGZHONGXINCAOZUO，QIEBUKEXINJIERMANGMUDISHANGSHENGJINGTAI。
高倍镜的使用方法
(1)XUANHAOMUBIAO:YIDINGYAOXIANZAIDIBEIJINGXIABAXUJINYIBUGUANCHADEBUWEIDIAODAOZHONGXIN，TONGSHIBAWUXIANGDIAOJIEDAO*QINGXIDECHENGDU，CAINENGJINXINGGAOBEIJINGDEGUANCHA。
(2)ZHUANDONGZHUANHUANQI，DIAOHUANSHANGGAOBEIJINGTOU，ZHUANHUANGAOBEIJINGSHIZHUANDONGSUDUYAOMAN，BINGCONGCEMIANJINXINGGUANCHA(FANGZHIGAOBEIJINGTOUPENGZHUANGBOPIAN)，RUGAOBEIJINGTOUPENGDAOBOPIAN，SHUOMINGDIBEIJINGDEJIAOJUMEIYOUDIAOHAO，YINGZHONGXINCAOZUO。
(3)DIAOJIEJIAOJU:ZHUANHUANHAOGAOBEIJINGHOU，YONGZUOYANZAIMUJINGSHANGGUANCHA，CISHIYIBANNENGJIANDAOYIGEBUTAIQINGCHUDEWUXIANG，KEJIANGXIDIAOJIEQIDELUOXUANNISHIZHENYIDONGYUE0.5-1QUAN，JIKEHUODEQINGXIDEWUXIANG(QIEWUYONGCUDIAOJIEQI!)
RUGUOSHIYEDELIANGDUBUHESHI，KEYONGJIGUANGQIHEGUANGQUANJIAYIDIAOJIE，RUGUOXUYAOGENGHUANBOPIANBIAOBENSHI，BIXUSHUNSHIZHEN(QIEWUZHUANCUOFANGXIANG)ZHUANDONGCUDIAOJIEQISHIJINGTAIXIAJIANG，FANGKEQUXIABOPIANBIAOBEN。
想让像变大就要使物镜靠近物体,目镜远离物镜一些，像变小则反之。